The History of PianoPart 5The Romantic Piano:The next big makeover in the history of piano was during the Romantic Era (1800-1920). The Piano became more popular than ever. With the raise of the middle class it also became the most common instrument in the home.
The orchestra grew to over a 100 musicians!! Big effects, loud and soft and anything in between. Concerts were no more available only to the privileged upper class, but also a growing middle class were able to enjoy concerts in concert halls. The instrument makers had to create sturdier pianos with greater sound for these larger venues, and orchestras.
The Upright Piano:
Around 1800, the upright piano was invented. It had a louder sound than the Square piano / Tafelklavier, which also had been a popular and practical instrument for the home, and did not take up too much space either, so it was a suitable replacement. This was the growing middle class’ number one choice for the home. For the daughters of the family it was almost considered a necessity to be able to play the piano, as well as to do some needlework and master other suitable skills for a young lady…..
Funky Designs:
The romantic era generally bloomed with new inventions and often macabre designs. The piano was no exception. Many crazy remodels of the piano took place-but finally the “classical” design of the first piano, as well as the upright piano, has proven to survive until today. Imagine if Bartolomeo Cristofori, who invented the piano, could have seen this "Harp Piano"!
The Player Piano:
Other inventions that became very popular during the early 1900's was the "Player" piano. It was invented by Henri Fourneaux in 1863. This piano can play by itself from piano rolls and an intricate machinery that is kept in action by pedaling. (Great workout!)
Other Resources:Anthology of Romantic Piano Music (Alfred Masterwork Edition)  Performance Practices in Romantic Piano Music Return from History of Piano: Part 5 to Piano History
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